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Depending on your condition associated with house, employment position and income, it is possible to be entitled to that loan of up to $1500, and some loan companies may loan a maximum of $500. You will have a possibility to observe how much you be eligible for just before agreeing to any kind of mortgage loan contract.
There is an important legitimate distinction from a present along with a bank loan. A really nice family member or perhaps good friend could give you $5000 for vehicle repairs, as an example. In the event that there's no hope associated with repayment, the money can be viewed as a gift. The actual provider could not file suit with regard to repayment later inside a municipal suit. When the borrowed funds provider designates the money just like a bank loan as well as the customer pays back a buck, the amount of money can be viewed as a real bank loan as well as the loan provider can demand repayment anytime. Little statements legal courts spend much of period identifying whether a transaction which include money will be a present or bank loan. For this reason paperwork is essential when making private lending options in order to good friends or family.
The needs for getting credit are quite obvious. In case you are employed, having a month to month revenue involving $800 or higher, and also have a checking account, you satisfy the fundamental qualifications. Some creditors within our network might have additional needs.
Cash lending products tend to be unguaranteed financial loans eliminated on the following salary. Because they're short-term financial loans, they may be small; varying from $100 to $1500 as well as repayment comes to the next payday. They could be very useful regarding overcoming a quick monetary unexpected emergency, nevertheless shouldn't be viewed as a long-term financial solution.
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Most home loan programs are addressed by financial institutions or another professional loan providers. They might use a variety of criteria to determine if the possible client is qualified for a financial loan. Past credit rating is practically usually considered, along with current income as well as assets. The aim of the credit can be an issue-a set up expense possibility may have more appeal compared to an misdirected idea for just about any new restaurant. 1 essential point could be the income to debt percentage in the customer. Could the customer manage to pay the bank loan back interest? Skilled loan companies essentially 'sell' cash, consequently consumers must be aware simply how much funding truly 'costs' in relation to real cash.
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Peyton Manning could have gone anywhere and worked with anyone while he rehabbed from neck surgery last year.
But Manning chose to work with one of the people he trusts the most.
Jeff Duncan of the New Orleans Times-Picayune details the lengths Manning went to rehab on his terms with trusted confidante David Cutcliffe at Duke University, showing both his loyalty and desire to keep things quiet.
Cutcliffe was Manning?s college offensive coordinator at Tennessee, and Duke?s indoor facility was an off-the-beaten-path place to work.
?It was really kind of a fun experience for he and I both,? Manning said. ?We kind of both got to go back in time, if you will. I can?t thank him enough for sacrificing that time for me.?
After his third neck surgery on Sept. 8, 2011, Manning didn?t throw a football until late December, when he made the first of several trips to Durham, N.C. He stayed in a guest room at Cutcliffe?s home, and the Duke coach didn?t even tell his assistants who was dropping by.
?Our equipment people knew he was there,? Cutcliffe said, ?and that was it.?
For months he?d work out quietly, with a few spare players.
In March, Cutcliffe put Manning through the most grueling workout, a recreation of his 2009 AFC Championship Game win over the Jets, replaying every play from that day.
Manning flew in former Colts teammates Jeff Saturday, Austin Collie and Dallas Clark, current Broncos receiver Brandon Stokley and former Colts offense coordinator Tom Moore for the simulation.
?It was pretty impressive,? Stokley said. ?It showed you exactly what kind of detail Peyton went to in trying to get back. Most people would never even think about doing something like that.?
After evaluating the tape of that practice, and comparing it side-by-side with the Jets game, Cutcliffe was able to pronounce Manning was back.
?He was on it,? Cutcliffe said. ?Some throws were better than what he did before, with the amount of the velocity, the throws across the field. His conditioning, his legs were back.
?Afterward, guys were saying, ?Dang! This is Peyton.??
While it might be a bit of a stretch to say he looks like the old Peyton, he looks close enough to himself for the Broncos, thanks to the work Cutcliffe did during the winter.
If asked, ? which is the most important part of your body to ensure you can maintain a healthy lifestyle?? Some people may respond with their legs so that they are mobile and can easily take part in cardiovascular exercises. Others may say upper body mobility with the use of your arms to do a series of upper body exercises. However any answer involving logic like this is wrong. The most valuable part of any person?s health and fitness irrespective of disability issues is the mind and your will power.
The brain is what stimulates your muscle in the body via the central nervous system, this in itself is vital for causing muscle contractions enabling you the potential to increase your fitness. A healthy lifestyle will never come easily, the honest truth being healthy food can be more expensive, less appetizing and all round more hassle to prepare. Working out takes time out of your day and requires more effort than watching television. If you don?t have the correct mindset then you are never going to achieve it. With this being said to a certain extent its your mind that is going to be holding you back so in this article I am going to see if I can alter your mindset if you are struggling with the commitment of change.
There is never a reason too small to want to get fit, muscular, lower blood pressure, etc? You should also not be embarrassed if it?s for a vein reason such as impressing the girl you have taken a liking to, or just to look better on the beach. You need a reason like this so you can get infected with the fitness bug! The fitness bug once it has a hold of your will improve all aspects of your life, I just want you to find that reason which will allow you to get infected.
I feel comfortable putting a lot of money on the reason many guys take out a gym membership is to impress the opposite sex. I also feel comfortable saying that once they?ve impressed and courted a lucky lady that they will not simply stop working out. It becomes more than that simple idea incepted in your reason all those months/years ago. The benefits of working out will quickly outweigh the hardships. At first you will feel like there is a drain attached to your energy reserves as your body starts to reject the exercise, that drain over the period of a few months will turn to a spring and become an energy source.
If it?s confidence you lack then working out will teach you how to become more confident. In my own and what I recommend in every persons training program is to constantly strive into the unknown whether it be setting a faster 5km run time, a new 5 rep max deadlift weight etc. By tackling physical challenges like these in the gym your mindset is tested, you have to tell yourself and believe in yourself that you can do it otherwise you never will. This then transfers over into your work, when that leap into the unknown is required you will have the confidence and the balls to attempt it.
If you have read this far, then I assume you struggle to get started and this is what I want YOU to do.
1. Write down everything in your life you can improve 2. Provide a reason for each wanting to improve each of these 3. Sifon out the issues that can be solved with working out, everything to do with looks, confidence , stress etc 4. Honestly say to yourself and find a reason for what has been holding you back for each issue.
You now have a blunt list of things in your life you are not happy with and the reasons behind them. I now want you to focus on the ones caused by your actions that are regulated by your mind. This involves eating too many Burger Kings, this is an action taken because of your mind. Having a burger king is unlikely to prevent starvation and if it is then how are you in the internet?
This whole process relies on you being true to yourself regarding each item on this list. You must be critical and blunt and note down every possible thought and event that has caused you to cheat on your diet/workout or just stop you from working out in the first place.
I want you to bottle up the positives so you can keep calling on them as a reminder of why you are doing what you are doing.
Greg Plitt
I for instance fully intend on dethroning this man, I will have no regrets in failing as long as I have done everything in my power in attempting to do so!
If you don?t truely believe within you mind that you are going to have the best body on that beach then it?s never going to be possible. Want some motivation to lose weight check out that post and as always if you have any questions catch me on facebook.
Germs in space: Preventing infection on long flightsPublic release date: 18-Oct-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: David Orenstein david_orenstein@brown.edu 401-863-1862 Brown University
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] The cabin of a spacecraft halfway to Mars would be the least convenient place -- one cannot say "on earth" -- for a Salmonella or Pneumococcus outbreak, but a wide-ranging new paper suggests that microgravity and prolonged space flight could give unique advantages to germs. What's a space agency to do? Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital infectious disease expert Dr. Leonard Mermel offers several ideas.
And no, they are not to add more Vitamin C to the Tang, or to give each crew member a bottle of Purell. It's a lot more complicated than that.
"I've been involved for two decades with trying to prevent infections in the intensive care unit and general hospital settings and I've been involved with national and international guidelines, but there are a lot of constraints in space I had never thought of before," said Mermel, who began investigating the infectious disease implications of space flight when he was invited to speak at a NASA-Johnson Space Center symposium in April 2011.
In all, he said, he's read hundreds of papers and he cited 91of them in the peer-reviewed article published online Oct. 9 in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. He also has consulted widely with experts including Duane Pierson, Chief Microbiologist, Space Life Sciences at the Johnson center.
What Mermel has distilled from the literature is that microgravity weakens the immune system in some ways while it also increases the virulence and antimicrobial resistance of some microorganisms. Meanwhile, without gravity, germs launched by coughs and sneezes no longer fall to the ground within an earthly 3-6 feet, but continue to float around, increasing the distance and time for astronauts to inhale them, or for them to settle on a wider variety of surfaces.
"So you suppress the human immune response, and you enhance the ability of microbes to cause infection, and you put those together in a confined space where airborne particles can remain in the air for a protracted period of time," Mermel said.
What's more, in a spacecraft, power limitations prevent extensive air filtration and the air is recirculated. That means astronauts can't use some hospital disinfectants and hand hygiene products because they could emit hazardous vapors. And like a college dorm room or bathroom, many surfaces in the closed quarters of a spaceship can become contaminated, serving as reservoirs for germs that can spread in this unique environment, Mermel said.
To some extent there is hard data on the risk of infectious disease on space missions. Mermel found NASA statistics showing that there have been 29 reported infectious disease incidents among 742 crew members on 106 space shuttle flights. Although the number is limited, human space flight to Mars would be unprecedented because of the prolonged nature of the mission. Mermel argues that it is unclear if this will introduce a risk of infection beyond what one might extrapolate from shorter missions.
"It's going to be radically different in terms of the ability to communicate with someone on Earth," he said. "And what if there was something that happened that put someone at risk? Could they, or would they, turn around before they accomplished their mission?"
Prescriptions for prevention
In the context of prolonged space flight, Mermel said, the best strategy could be to enhance the considerable prevention methods NASA already has in place. Many of Mermel's ideas therefore focus on preparing and equipping astronauts and their crafts to either keep microbes from getting on board, or failing that, to keep them in their place.
Among NASA's current measures are vaccinating astronauts for several diseases, including the flu, and screening for others, such as tuberculosis, Mermel said. Food is selectively irradiated and astronauts have disinfecting wipes, surgical masks and respirators. They take off with multiple antibiotics on board.
Vaccinations, he says, could be expanded to include germs like Meningococcus and Pneumoccocus. And because no new germs are going to join the astronauts on board once they take off (assuming none are brought back from Mars), expanded pre-flight screening may help, too. Astronauts could be screened in multiple body sites for all strains of Staphyloccocus aureus, including some antibiotic-resistant forms, he said, and stool could be screened and re-screened for Salmonella.
Mermel said astronauts could also receive formal infection control education regarding hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and other healthy practices.
Finding a way to somehow work HEPA air filtration into the energy budget would be a worthwhile goal if possible, he said. Perhaps with the opportunity afforded by NASA's transition from the space shuttle to a new craft, engineers could also perform human factors engineering studies on the most health-promoting places to put water outlets and waterless hand hygiene product dispensers. Potable water outlets and toilets, he said, could be designed to operate with foot pedals.
And a new bit of cargo, he added, which NASA is working on, is easy to use, low-energy diagnostic testing kits for germs causing common infections.
Other than the astronauts and research animals, another source of germs could be the astronauts' food. One of the toughest calls NASA will need to make, he said, is whether to irradiate more food for a longer trip. It's a good idea to kill harmful pathogens wherever they may be but it's unnatural for people to eat completely sterilized food for two straight years since some of the bacteria we typically eat end up in our guts where they have beneficial effects.
"We've evolved to have those microbes go into our gastrointestinal tracts, our immune system interacts with them and is stimulated by them and it's part of our homeostatic mechanism," Mermel said.
Still to explore
That conundrum of cuisine is one of six unanswered questions Mermel poses in the paper. The others concern whether infectious disease risk really is higher in microgravity (research suggests this, but it hasn't been directly measured); what the best antimicrobial coating is, if any, for spaceship surfaces; the best hand sanitizer for use in space; which diagnostic tests to bring on board; and elucidating why, exactly, immune response drops and microbial virulence goes up in space.
But if NASA announced tomorrow that in the next few years astronauts would be headed off to Mars, Mermel said he'd be confident that NASA planning would allow them to make the journey without a viral, fungal or bacterial tragedy.
"It would remain a risk, but I'd feel comfortable with it," he said. "They have a lot of bright people invested in doing the right thing."
###
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Germs in space: Preventing infection on long flightsPublic release date: 18-Oct-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: David Orenstein david_orenstein@brown.edu 401-863-1862 Brown University
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] The cabin of a spacecraft halfway to Mars would be the least convenient place -- one cannot say "on earth" -- for a Salmonella or Pneumococcus outbreak, but a wide-ranging new paper suggests that microgravity and prolonged space flight could give unique advantages to germs. What's a space agency to do? Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital infectious disease expert Dr. Leonard Mermel offers several ideas.
And no, they are not to add more Vitamin C to the Tang, or to give each crew member a bottle of Purell. It's a lot more complicated than that.
"I've been involved for two decades with trying to prevent infections in the intensive care unit and general hospital settings and I've been involved with national and international guidelines, but there are a lot of constraints in space I had never thought of before," said Mermel, who began investigating the infectious disease implications of space flight when he was invited to speak at a NASA-Johnson Space Center symposium in April 2011.
In all, he said, he's read hundreds of papers and he cited 91of them in the peer-reviewed article published online Oct. 9 in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. He also has consulted widely with experts including Duane Pierson, Chief Microbiologist, Space Life Sciences at the Johnson center.
What Mermel has distilled from the literature is that microgravity weakens the immune system in some ways while it also increases the virulence and antimicrobial resistance of some microorganisms. Meanwhile, without gravity, germs launched by coughs and sneezes no longer fall to the ground within an earthly 3-6 feet, but continue to float around, increasing the distance and time for astronauts to inhale them, or for them to settle on a wider variety of surfaces.
"So you suppress the human immune response, and you enhance the ability of microbes to cause infection, and you put those together in a confined space where airborne particles can remain in the air for a protracted period of time," Mermel said.
What's more, in a spacecraft, power limitations prevent extensive air filtration and the air is recirculated. That means astronauts can't use some hospital disinfectants and hand hygiene products because they could emit hazardous vapors. And like a college dorm room or bathroom, many surfaces in the closed quarters of a spaceship can become contaminated, serving as reservoirs for germs that can spread in this unique environment, Mermel said.
To some extent there is hard data on the risk of infectious disease on space missions. Mermel found NASA statistics showing that there have been 29 reported infectious disease incidents among 742 crew members on 106 space shuttle flights. Although the number is limited, human space flight to Mars would be unprecedented because of the prolonged nature of the mission. Mermel argues that it is unclear if this will introduce a risk of infection beyond what one might extrapolate from shorter missions.
"It's going to be radically different in terms of the ability to communicate with someone on Earth," he said. "And what if there was something that happened that put someone at risk? Could they, or would they, turn around before they accomplished their mission?"
Prescriptions for prevention
In the context of prolonged space flight, Mermel said, the best strategy could be to enhance the considerable prevention methods NASA already has in place. Many of Mermel's ideas therefore focus on preparing and equipping astronauts and their crafts to either keep microbes from getting on board, or failing that, to keep them in their place.
Among NASA's current measures are vaccinating astronauts for several diseases, including the flu, and screening for others, such as tuberculosis, Mermel said. Food is selectively irradiated and astronauts have disinfecting wipes, surgical masks and respirators. They take off with multiple antibiotics on board.
Vaccinations, he says, could be expanded to include germs like Meningococcus and Pneumoccocus. And because no new germs are going to join the astronauts on board once they take off (assuming none are brought back from Mars), expanded pre-flight screening may help, too. Astronauts could be screened in multiple body sites for all strains of Staphyloccocus aureus, including some antibiotic-resistant forms, he said, and stool could be screened and re-screened for Salmonella.
Mermel said astronauts could also receive formal infection control education regarding hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and other healthy practices.
Finding a way to somehow work HEPA air filtration into the energy budget would be a worthwhile goal if possible, he said. Perhaps with the opportunity afforded by NASA's transition from the space shuttle to a new craft, engineers could also perform human factors engineering studies on the most health-promoting places to put water outlets and waterless hand hygiene product dispensers. Potable water outlets and toilets, he said, could be designed to operate with foot pedals.
And a new bit of cargo, he added, which NASA is working on, is easy to use, low-energy diagnostic testing kits for germs causing common infections.
Other than the astronauts and research animals, another source of germs could be the astronauts' food. One of the toughest calls NASA will need to make, he said, is whether to irradiate more food for a longer trip. It's a good idea to kill harmful pathogens wherever they may be but it's unnatural for people to eat completely sterilized food for two straight years since some of the bacteria we typically eat end up in our guts where they have beneficial effects.
"We've evolved to have those microbes go into our gastrointestinal tracts, our immune system interacts with them and is stimulated by them and it's part of our homeostatic mechanism," Mermel said.
Still to explore
That conundrum of cuisine is one of six unanswered questions Mermel poses in the paper. The others concern whether infectious disease risk really is higher in microgravity (research suggests this, but it hasn't been directly measured); what the best antimicrobial coating is, if any, for spaceship surfaces; the best hand sanitizer for use in space; which diagnostic tests to bring on board; and elucidating why, exactly, immune response drops and microbial virulence goes up in space.
But if NASA announced tomorrow that in the next few years astronauts would be headed off to Mars, Mermel said he'd be confident that NASA planning would allow them to make the journey without a viral, fungal or bacterial tragedy.
"It would remain a risk, but I'd feel comfortable with it," he said. "They have a lot of bright people invested in doing the right thing."
###
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Team Ninja boss Yosuke Hayashi is of the belief that consoles will continue to have a place in gaming?s future, even with the advent of smartphones, and higher end PCs pushing the marketplace.
Speaking with Xbox World magazine, the Ninja Gaiden boss believes all forms of hardware can co-exist, as long as people continue to embrace video games.
?I don?t think consoles are going to disappear from gaming,? he said. ?You still have millions of people playing video games with a controller on a box in front of the TV. Just look at Call of Duty, for example: it?s everywhere. There are millions of people playing it.
?I think people will continue to play games, and as long as the cost of development stays sustainable, and people continue to buy traditional games, then we?ll be here. If only one game sells everything, it will ruin the gaming and console industries completely.?
Hayashi used movie theaters as an example, saying that people still head to the cinema to see a film and not just wait for it to arrive on their smartphone or television.
?Yes, you have new mediums, but the old guy is still there ? and I think it?s going to be like that with consoles,? he continued. ? I think they will be around for quite a while.?
Team Ninja?s Ninja Gaiden Sigma 2 Plus will release on Vita in early 2013.
The EPA announced on Thursday that it is awarding $30 million for clean diesel projects through its Diesel Emission Reduction Program. The program is designed to replace, retrofit or repower older diesel-powered engines such as those found on marine vessels, locomotives, trucks and buses. Here are the details.
* According to the EPA, $20 million of the funds for this year's grants were provided under the National Clean Diesel Funding Assistance Program. Additional funds were made available through the State Clean Diesel Grant program.
* The program, known as DERA, provides grants that will work to address more than 11 million older diesel engines that continue to emit higher levels of pollution, the EPA stated.
* DERA was first enacted in 2005 and first funded in 2008. Since then, the EPA has awarded 500 grants nationwide through the program.
* For this year's competition, selections were made based on the proposal's potential for maximizing health and environmental benefits in areas that have significant air quality issues, according to the EPA. Increased funding allowed the EPA to target larger engines used in marine vessels and locomotives.
* The highest funded project was South Carolina Department of Health and Environment's project which received $2.07 million from DERA. The funds will be used to repower 24 marine engines and five mining trucks, replace 15 yard tractors and three bulldozers, install 30 spaces for truck stop electrification and provide cost supplements for 100,000 gallons, the EPA reported.
* The Southeast Missouri Regional Planning Commission has been awarded $1.45 million to replace two engines on two Mississippi River pushboats with new Tier 3 rated engines.
* The Maine Department of Environmental Protection received $1.39 million to replace four school buses with compressed natural gas buses; and to repower two vessels with two marine propulsion and four auxiliary engines to Tier 3.
* The Alabama State Port Authority will receive $1.35 million through DERA to repower two locomotives.
* A number of other projects representing the 10 regions of the EPA will also receive funding to replace or repower diesel vehicles. No funds were awarded under this program to fund the cost of emissions reductions that are mandated under federal law or to provide equipment used for testing emissions or for fueling infrastructure, the EPA stated.
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Long-distance relationships aren?t easy. Especially when it comes to business.
But if you?re committed they can work; especially as your building a solid business foundation, which starts with a few steps ? mainly, recruiting fresh new talent and accommodating the rock stars you?ve already hired.
I?m familiar with the concept, because my husband and I initially spent a full year apart (for our careers) before deciding to launch our business.
We soon became a remote team during the first two months of business, when our third business partner moved across the country to be closer to his girlfriend (now fianc?) while she was in medical school. A year later, my husband and I moved to Michigan and left another team member behind in Chicago. This year, we kept another team member on part-time when he decided to move to Senegal to be closer to his girlfriend while she completed a program there.
Our company now spans across a seven-hour time difference, from Palo Alto to Africa.
Crazy? Maybe ? but here?s how we make it work:
1. Meet with team members individually and often.
I hold a weekly status meeting, and connect individually with my team members via Skype on a consistent basis, to walk through projects and progress.
You can also utilize productivity tools such as Google Docs and WebEx to make your virtual meetings more seamless by meeting online via mobile devices, sharing destkops, files and more.
2. Share tasks virtually.
Whenever we have a series of projects with multiple action items, I?ll set up a shared to-do list online. There are numerous task and project-oriented apps on the market that make collaboration easier for small businesses such as Asana, HiTask and others.
The entire team works closely on projects, so it?s a great way to share responsibilities without bulky software or endless emails about who is doing what at any given time.
Motorola isn't going to escape as cleanly as it would like from Microsoft's patent lawsuit campaign. Microsoft has sued Motorola once more in Germany, only this time it's waging a more direct fight against Motorola's owner Google. The lawsuit claims that Motorola devices violate a patent for taking map information from one set and overlaying it with data from another -- a technique that describes Google Maps, not to mention virtually every internet-connected mapping system we know. Details aren't yet available for the devices allegedly at risk, but the accusation would make it harder for Google, Motorola or both to simply code around the problem if they lose. No doubt Microsoft is counting on just that obstacle to have the RAZR maker fall in line with everyone else and take a license just for using Android.
STOCKHOLM (Reuters) - Two American scientists won the 2012 Nobel Prize for chemistry on Wednesday for research into how cells respond to external stimuli that is helping to develop better drugs to fight diseases such as diabetes, cancer and depression.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said the 8 million crown ($1.2 million) prize went to Robert Lefkowitz, 69, and Brian Kobilka, 57, for discovering the inner workings of G-protein-coupled receptors, which allow cells to respond to chemical messages such as adrenaline rushes.
"Around half of all medications act through these receptors, among them beta blockers, antihistamines and various kinds of psychiatric medications," the Nobel Prize committee said.
Working out better ways to target the receptors, known as GPCRs, is an area of keen interest to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.
Lefkowitz told a news conference by telephone he was asleep when the phone call came from Sweden.
"I did not hear it - I must share with you that I wear earplugs to sleep. So my wife gave me an elbow. So there it was, a total shock and surprise," he said.
He said he has no idea what he will do with the prize money he shares with Kobilka, who spent the early part of his career in Lefkowitz' lab at Duke.
"It's funny. I can honestly tell you it was about an hour after this all hit, it dawned on me for the first time that it's a lot of money," he told Reuters later from his home in Durham, North Carolina.
"It's over a mill dollars to share with Brian Kobilka. I haven't a clue. As they say, it ain't about the money."
Kobilka said when the phone call first came in from Stockholm, he thought it was a crank call or a wrong number.
"Then it rang again. You get congratulated by these members of the Swedish committee and things happen pretty fast," he said in a telephone interview from his home In Palo Alto, California.
He said he was being recognized primarily for his work in determining the structure of the receptors and what they look like in three dimensions.
"Probably the most high profile piece of work was published last year, where we have a crystal structure of the receptor activating the G protein. It's caught in the act of signaling across the membrane," he said.
"HOLY GRAIL"
Sven Lidin, Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at Lund University and chairman of the committee, said the discovery had been vital for medical research.
"Knowing what they (the receptors) look like and how they function will provide us with the tools to make better drugs with fewer side effects," he added.
The receptors were "the holy grail of membrane protein research", said Mark Sansom, Professor of Molecular Biophysics at Oxford University.
GPCRs are linked to a wide range of diseases, since they play a central role in many biological functions in the body, but developing new drugs to target them accurately has been difficult because of a lack of fundamental understanding as to how they function. Experts say the work of the Nobel Prize winners has opened the door to making better medicines.
Drugs targeting GPCRs have potential in treating illnesses involving the central nervous system, heart conditions, inflammation and metabolic disorders.
Mark Downs, chief executive of Britain's Society of Biology, said the researchers had covered important ground in more than one discipline.
"This ground-breaking work spanning genetics and biochemistry has laid the basis for much of our understanding of modern pharmacology as well as how cells in different parts of living organisms can react differently to external stimulation," he said in a statement.
Johan Aqvist, Professor of Chemistry at Sweden's Uppsala University, said Lefkowitz was "the father of this entire field".
"Out of the roughly 1,400 drugs that exist in the world, about 1,000 of them are little pills that you consume, and the majority of these are based in these receptors," he told Reuters.
Chemistry was the third of this year's Nobel prizes. Prizes for achievements in science, literature and peace were first awarded in 1901 in accordance with the will of dynamite inventor and businessman Alfred Nobel. ($1 = 6.6125 Swedish crowns)
(Additional reporting by Niklas Pollard and Simon Johnson in Stockholm, Ben Hirschler, Kate Kelland and Chris Wickham in London and Julie Steenhuysen in Chicago; Editing by Giles Elgood)
Nawwaf Ghobash, Managing Partner of Prime Hospitality, said, "With a successful presence in Ireland, UK and around the world, we are excited to be opening the Butlers Chocolate caf? in the UAE, and we are confident that the market will welcome this leading brand. We also believe that strategically strong locations as Sahara Centre in Sharjah and Al Wahda Mall in Abu Dhabi will properly introduce the brand to the UAE."
Akram Ammar, General Manager of Sahara Centre, said, "We are thrilled to have Butlers Chocolate among the leading brands hosted at Sahara Centre, and we are sure this addition will enrich our F&B retail mix."
Alongside its award winning range of hot and cold beverages, the cafe will also serve a delicious range of desserts and pastries. Food items, including soups, salads and sandwiches, have been carefully selected for the new caf? with focus on preparation upon ordering using the highest quality ingredients.
The caf? will also carry a wide range of gourmet loose and pre-packed Butlers Chocolate assortments in luxurious packaging. These delicious confections are perfect for gift giving at Eid, corporate gifts, weddings and are ideal for everyday occasions such as birthdays and thank you gifts. All of the chocolates on sale are exclusively imported directly from the Butlers factory in Dublin.
Butlers Chocolates is Ireland's leading independent chocolate producer and the company was crowned Irish food and drink exporter of the year in 2011. The company, owned by the Sorensen family, is celebrating 80 years in business this year. Butlers Chocolates are exported all over the world and are available in over 35 countries in premium stores, select high street outlets and travel retail channels.
Butlers Chocolate Caf? is an original concept devised by the company. The first Butlers Chocolate Caf? opened in Dublin city centre in 1998. In addition to the company owned locations in Ireland and London Butlers has successful franchises in New Zealand, Pakistan, and now in the UAE.
Each Butlers Chocolate Caf? is beautifully appointed and specialises in all things chocolate, including; the finest chocolates, hot beverages and sweet and savoury treats. Butler's award winning hot chocolate is the house speciality.
Fur-Ever Home Animal Rescue is seeking adoptive homes for these animals:
Dottie is a 14-month-old domestic short-haired cat who "loves to play and gets along with other cats once she warms up to them," Fur-Ever Home says. "She ... will greet you every time you walk in the room with a meow and a cuddle."
Dottie is available for adoption through Fur-Ever Home Animal Rescue.
COURTESY OF FUR-EVER HOME ANIMAL RESCUE
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Dottie is fully vetted, the group says.
Raja is a 10-month-old Maltipoo. He is neutered, has an identification microchip and is current on vaccines, Fur-Ever Home says.
For adoption information, visit www.fur-ever-home.org.
Aside from a City Council election, Irvine voters Nov. 6 will elect a new mayor. Mayor Sukhee Kang is termed out of office and running for Congress, which means Irvine's top elected post is up for grabs.
Offering a recommendation for Irvine mayor is challenging because of the political dynamics involved and the candidate choices. In our opinion, the race comes down to two qualified candidates, Councilmen Steven Choi and Larry Agran. Of the two, we prefer Mr. Choi.
File: Irvine Councilman Steven Choi is shown in 2011.
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Part of the reason for our recommendation is concern for what we consider the revolving door of council and mayoral candidates in Irvine. Candidates too often bounce back and forth between the two posts. That limits the flow of new, innovative ideas into city leadership.
Mr. Agran possesses a keen intellect and understands the political dynamics of the city perhaps better than anyone. That is partially because he has been running for office in Irvine for decades. He was first elected to Council in 1978. Even if he doesn't win the mayor's job, Mr. Agran will remain on the Council; he won a four year term in 2010. So his presence and perspective will remain, at least for two more years.
Conversely, Mr. Choi is termed out of his Council seat this year and says he is running for mayor because "citizens deserve a more honest elected official." We share his sentiments. Mr. Choi has been in the minority on the council for some time, including its most recent iteration, where Mr. Agran, Mr. Kang and Councilwoman Beth Krom typically vote in a bloc against Mr. Choi and Councilman Jeff Lalloway.
We would like to see a less-divisive, more open and transparent Irvine City Council, which may be achieved by breaking the majority power that has dominated the council for too long. On the issues, Mr. Choi has been a responsible councilman, too. He questioned a recent council majority decision to authorize 6 percent pay raises for city staff, who had been subject to a pay freeze, because, as he said, "We are not totally out of the woods."
"Our city employees were gracious enough to understand" the city needed to tighten its belt and freeze their pay, Mr. Choi said, adding he believes a 6 percent increase "to catch up is not the right message to send to the public."
Mr. Choi has also been a vocal critic of the management of the Great Park noting that its board, which includes Irvine council members, "is dysfunctional."
During his interview with our Editorial Board, he asked rhetorically "What business are we in? Building the park or entertainment events?" He is referring to current uses of the park space.
Irvine is a good city, a nice place to live and deserves a mayor that reflects that. The Register's Editorial Board endorses Steven Choi, who we hope will live up to the task.
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KADUNA, Nigeria -- Gunmen shot dead at least 25 students in an attack on their college residence in northeast Nigeria, authorities said.
The overnight attack took place at the Federal Polytechnic Mubi in remote Adamawa state late on Monday, the head of the information department at the college told Reuters.
"The killers went from room to room, slaughtering them one by one," said witness Mohammed Awal, who was not harmed in the attack. Some were shot, others killed with machetes, he said.
Citing local residents, Voice of America reported that the victims were "individually questioned before being attacked."
Political feud? Adamawa state, like much of the north, has been targeted by Islamist insurgents, but police were also investigating whether the killings might have been motivated by a political feud inside the college.
"We learned that when they came for the attack, they called out the names of some of the victims and killed them as they came out. Some they left alone, which gives us a clue that this was the work of insiders," Adamawa police spokesman Mohammed Ibrahim said. He put the toll confirmed by police at 25.
He said the student halls had been raided by police last week as part of a sweep against Boko Haram militants. During the raid, police recovered weapons including a rocket-propelled grenade, dozens of homemade bombs, knives and automatic assault rifles. He added that it could not be ruled out that Boko Haram militants who had infiltrated the students were behind it.
A security source and several witnesses put the overall death toll from the attack at 40.
Voice of America added:?
Daniel Babayi, the executive secretary of the Northern States Christian Association of Nigeria, says he believes the killings were a reprisal attack after 156 people were arrested and accused of being members of the Islamist militant group known as Boko Haram late last month.
The Boko Haram Islamist sect, which usually targets politicians or security forces, has also attacked students in the past and has cells in Adamawa. Security sources believe it has infiltrated several institutions, including colleges.
More international stories from NBC News
But police were also investigating the possibility that the killings were related to a dispute between rival political groups at the college over a student union election on Sunday, in a part of Nigeria that is awash with weapons.
Colleges across the country are sometimes plagued by armed gangs and vigilante groups.
"The crisis in Mubi is suspected to have been fueled by campus politics after the election ... the ones who were disgruntled might have ... (carried out) the attack," said National Emergency Management Agency spokesman Yushua Shuaib.
More Nigeria coverage from NBC News
Boko Haram is widely considered to be the biggest security threat in Nigeria, Africa's biggest oil exporter. It has been blamed for more than 1,000 deaths since its insurgency -- which aims to carve out an Islamic state out of northern Nigeria -- intensified in 2010.
Boko Haram's purported leader released a video on Monday in which he vowed to continue fighting and said no peace talks with the government could happen while military raids against sect members continued.
Reuters contributed to this report.
More world stories from NBC News:
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Scientists have discovered a rare fossil called Kulindroplax, the missing link between two mollusc groups, which is revealed in a 3D computer model, in research published today in the journalNature.
The researchers have unearthed the worm-like partly shelled Kulindroplax, which they have modelled in a 3D computer animation. Kulindroplax lived in the sea during the Silurian Period, approximately 425 million years ago, when most life lived in the oceans and the first plants were beginning to grow on land. The team found the Kulindroplax fossil, the only one of its kind in the world, in the Welsh borderland, and it is providing the evolutionary missing link between two groups of molluscs and shedding more light on the their early origins.
The study was led by Dr Mark Sutton, from the Department of Earth Science and Engineering at Imperial College London, in conjunction with researchers from the Universities of Oxford, Leicester, Yale and Queen's University Belfast.
Dr Sutton says: "Most people don't realise that molluscs, which have been around for hundreds of millions of years, are an extremely rich and diverse branch of life on Earth. Just as tracing a long lost uncle is important for developing a more complete family tree, unearthing this extremely rare and ancient Kulindroplax fossil is helping us to understand the relationship between two mollusc groups, which is also helping us to understand how molluscs have evolved on Earth."
For over 20 years, scientists have debated the evolutionary relationship between two groups of molluscs called the aplacophorans, which are carnivorous, worm-like, sea-living creatures, and the chitons, which are molluscs that have shell plates for armour and live in the sea or on the seashore? both still live in Earth's oceans today.
The researchers in today's study analysed the 3D model of Kulindroplax and discovered that it had the worm-like body of the aplacophorans, but was partly shelled like the chitons. The combination of features in Kulindroplax confirmed to the team that that aplacophorans and chitons are closely related. Furthermore, the researchers believe that their 3D fossil is the missing link that shows how the worm-like aplacophorans evolved from chiton-like ancestors by losing their shells, providing fresh insight into the mollusc evolutionary tree.
Scientists have discovered a rare fossil called Kulindroplax, the missing link between two mollusc groups, which is revealed in a 3D computer model, in research published today in the journalNature. Credit: Imperial College London
The researchers discovered the Kulindroplax fossil, which is the size of a small caterpillar, in a deposit called the Herefordshire Lagerst?tte. This deposit was formed when a cloud of volcanic ash settled through the Siluian seas and entombed a range of species, including Kulindroplax, as almost perfectly preserved fossils.
In order to develop their 3D animation, the team cut the Kulindroplax fossil into 1300 slices, taking digital images of each one, which were fed into a computer. The researchers in the study say this method provides unprecedented detail from the fossils, enabling them to analyse features that have been previously unseen.
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Thanks to Imperial College London for this article.
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WASHINGTON?? Small teams of special operations forces arrived at American embassies throughout North Africa in the months before militants launched the fiery attack that killed the U.S. ambassador in Libya. The soldiers' mission: Set up a network that could quickly strike a terrorist target or rescue a hostage.
But the teams had yet to do much counterterrorism work in Libya, even though the White House signed off a year ago on the plan to build the new military task force in the region and the advance teams had been there for six months, according to three U.S. counterterror officials and a former intelligence official. All spoke only on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the strategy publicly.
The counterterrorism effort indicates that the administration has been worried for some time about a growing threat posed by al-Qaida and its offshoots in North Africa.
But officials say the military organization was too new to respond to the attack in Benghazi, where the administration now believes armed al-Qaida-linked militants surrounded the lightly guarded U.S. compound and set it on fire in an attack that killed Ambassador Chris Stevens and three other Americans.
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Republicans have questioned whether the Obama administration has been hiding key information or did not know what was happening in the immediate aftermath of the attack.
They are using those questions in the final weeks before the U.S. elections as an opportunity to assail President Barack Obama on foreign policy, an area where he has held clear leads in opinion polls since the killing of Osama bin Laden in 2011.
Consulate attacked before ambassador killed
On Tuesday, leaders of a congressional committee said requests for added security at the consulate in Benghazi were repeatedly denied, despite a string of less deadly terror attacks on the consulate in recent months.
Those included an explosion that blew a hole in the security perimeter and another incident in which an explosive device was tossed over the consulate fence.
NYT: US may have put mistaken faith in Libya security
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton told Congress in a letter responding to the accusations that she has set up a group to investigate the Benghazi attack, and it is to begin work this week.
As of early September, the special operations teams still consisted only of liaison officers who were assigned to establish relationships with local governments and U.S. officials in the region. Only limited counterterrorism operations have been conducted in Africa so far.
Video: Libyan president: Movie had ?nothing to do with? consulate attack (on this page)
The White House, the CIA and U.S. Africa Command all declined to comment.
"There are no plans at this stage for unilateral U.S. military operations" in the region, Pentagon spokesman George Little said Tuesday, adding that the focus was on helping African countries build their own forces.
For the Special Operations Command, spokesman Col. Tim Nye would not discuss "the missions and or locations of its counterterrorist forces" except to say that special operations troops are in 75 countries daily conducting missions.
Secret drone war? The go-slow approach being taken by the Army's top clandestine counterterrorist unit ? known as Delta Force ? is an effort by the White House to counter criticism from some U.S. lawmakers, human rights activists and others that the anti-terror fight is shifting largely to a secret war using special operations raids and drone strikes, with little public accountability.
After decades in exile, Libyan president Magarief ready to die for democracy
The administration has been taking its time when setting up the new unit to get buy-in from all players who might be affected, such as the U.S. ambassadors, CIA station chiefs, regional U.S. military commanders and local leaders.
Eventually, the Delta Force group will form the backbone of a military task force responsible for combating al-Qaida and other terrorist groups across the region with an arsenal that includes drones. But first, it will work to win acceptance by helping North African nations build their own special operations and counterterror units.
Video: McCain: People don't bring mortars to spontaneous demonstrations (on this page)
And nothing precludes the administration from using other military or intelligence units to retaliate against the perpetrators of the Sept. 11 consulate attack in Benghazi.
But some congressional leaders say the administration is not reacting quickly enough.
"Clearly, they haven't moved fast enough to battle the threat," said House Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Rogers, R-Mich.
While Rogers would not comment on the special operations counterterrorism network, he said, "You actually have to hunt them (terrorists) down. No swift action, and we will be the recipient of something equally bad happening to another diplomat."
The Obama administration has been concerned about the growing power and influence of al-Qaida offshoots in Yemen, Somalia, Iraq and North Africa. Only the Yemeni branch has tried to attack American territory directly so far, with a series of thwarted bomb plots aimed at U.S.-bound aircraft.
Money from drugs, hostages
A Navy SEAL task force set up in 2009 has used a combination of raids and drone strikes to fight militants in Yemen and Somalia, working together with the CIA and local forces.
The new task force would work in much the same way to combat al-Qaida's North African affiliates, which are growing in numbers and are awash in weapons from post-revolutionary Libya's looted stockpiles. They are well-funded by a criminal network trafficking in drugs and hostages.
Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb or AQIM, and Nigerian-based extremist sect Boko Haram are arguably the two largest and most dangerous affiliates. Both have morphed in recent years from extremist rebel groups that challenge their home governments into terrorist groups that use violence to try to impose extreme Islamic rule on any territory they can seize across Africa.
FBI agents keep out of Benghazi
U.S. officials believe AQIM may have helped the local Libyan militant group Ansar al-Shariah carry out the Benghazi attack, and Boko Haram has killed more than 240 people in an anti-Christian, anti-government campaign of assassinations and bombings this year alone.
The governments of Libya and Niger have already asked for U.S. assistance to build their own special operations capability to help combat such al-Qaida-related groups, and Nigeria has requested help to control its porous border to stop militant trafficking, according to two U.S. officials. They, too, spoke only on condition of anonymity.
Mali has asked for international assistance to win back control of its northern region from al-Qaida groups including AQIM and Boko Haram, opening the possibility of a return of U.S. special operations forces there. A U.S. training unit was pulled out of the country after a March coup that gave the militants the chaos they needed to seize the northern territory.
The top State Department official for African affairs said Tuesday that the militants in Mali "must be dealt with through security and military means."
"But any military action up there must indeed be well planned, well organized, well resourced and well thought through," said Johnnie Carson, the U.S. assistant secretary of state for African affairs. "And it must, in fact, be agreed upon by those who are going to be most affected by it."
U.S. Africa Command chief Gen. Carter Ham said "a military component" would be a part of an overall solution in northern Mali, but he ruled out an overt U.S. military presence, speaking to reporters during a visit to Algeria over the weekend.
Asked about the attack in Benghazi, Ham said it's the host country's responsibility to protect diplomatic missions on its territory.
Associated Press writers Pauline Jelinek in Washington, Aomar Ouali in Algiers and Krista Larson in Dakar contributed to this report.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Public release date: 18-Oct-2012
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